How to Earn Money Online in UAE

 

I'm Josh, and I've been earning my living online in the UAE for the past five years. Let me tell you, it's been quite a ride – from navigating the complexities of freelance visas to discovering the most lucrative online opportunities in this vibrant region.

In this comprehensive guide, I'm going to share everything I've learned about making money online in the UAE. Whether you're an expat looking for side hustles or a local entrepreneur ready to dive into the digital world, I've got you covered.

Trust me, I've been in your shoes. I remember the confusion I felt when I first arrived in Dubai, trying to figure out how to turn my skills into a steady online income stream. But after years of trial and error (and yes, a few mishaps along the way), I've cracked the code.

So, grab a cup of karak chai, and let's dive into the exciting world of online money-making in the UAE. By the end of this guide, you'll have a clear roadmap to financial freedom in the digital landscape of the Emirates.

Understanding the Online Income Landscape in UAE

When I first landed in Dubai back in 2018, I was blown away by the sheer potential of the online market here. The UAE isn't just about glitzy skyscrapers and luxury shopping – it's a digital goldmine waiting to be tapped.

Overview of Online Income Opportunities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Let me break down the current trends I'm seeing in the UAE's online income scene:

• Freelancing boom: With the introduction of freelance visas, there's been an explosion in remote work opportunities.
• E-commerce surge: The pandemic has accelerated online shopping habits, creating a ripe market for dropshipping and digital products.
• Content creation frenzy: YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok are hot right now, with brands eager to collaborate with UAE-based influencers.
• Tech startups: The government's push for innovation has led to a thriving startup ecosystem, especially in fintech and AI.
• Online education: There's a growing demand for online tutors, especially in English, Arabic, and STEM subjects.

But here's the kicker – while opportunities are abundant, so is the competition. That's why it's crucial to find your niche and leverage your unique skills.

Importance of Legalities in Earning Money Online in UAE

Now, let's talk about the elephant in the room – legalities. Trust me, I learned this the hard way when I almost got into hot water for not having the right permits.

Here's what you need to know:

Freelance visas: You'll need one to work legally as a freelancer. Options include:

• Dubai Freelance Visa
• Abu Dhabi Freelancer License
• Sharjah Media City (SHAMS) Freelance Permit

Business licenses: For e-commerce or more structured online businesses, consider:

• Dubai Internet City License
• Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) License

Tax implications: While the UAE is known for its tax-free environment, there are still some considerations:

• VAT registration (if your turnover exceeds AED 375,000)
• Keeping proper financial records

Pro tip: Always consult with a local legal expert before starting your online venture. It might cost a bit upfront, but it'll save you headaches down the road.

Financial Freedom in UAE through Online Work

Here's something I wish someone had told me when I started – online work isn't just about making money; it's about creating freedom.

In my experience, digital entrepreneurship in the UAE has allowed me to:

• Work flexible hours (perfect for beating the summer heat!)
• Travel between emirates without being tied to a physical office
• Tap into global markets while enjoying the UAE's tax benefits
• Build a location-independent business that I can run from anywhere in the world

But remember, with great freedom comes great responsibility. You'll need discipline and self-motivation to succeed in the online world.

Online Banking Options in UAE for Freelancers

When I first tried to withdraw my earnings from PayPal, I hit a wall. That's when I realized the importance of understanding payment gateways in the UAE.

Here's a rundown of your options:

PayPal:

• While popular globally, it has limitations in the UAE. You can receive money but can't withdraw directly to UAE banks.

Payoneer:

• My personal favorite. It offers a Global Payment Service that works well with most freelancing platforms.

Local banks with freelancer-friendly accounts:

• Emirates NBD Freelancer Account
• Mashreq Neo
• RAKBank SMEasy Account

International transfer services:

• TransferWise (now Wise)
• Western Union

Pro tip: I use a combination of Payoneer and a local bank account for maximum flexibility and lower fees.

Understanding Freelance Permits and Visas in UAE

Navigating the world of freelance permits can be tricky, but it's essential for operating legally. Here's a step-by-step guide based on my experience:

1. Choose your free zone: Options include Dubai Media City, twofour54 in Abu Dhabi, or Sharjah Media City.
2. Determine your activity: Be specific about the services you'll offer.
3. Gather documents: You'll typically need:
   • Passport copy
   • CV
   • Bank statements
   • Portfolio of work
4. Apply for the permit: This can often be done online through the free zone's portal.
5. Pay fees: Costs vary but expect to pay between AED 7,500 to AED 15,000 annually.
6. Receive your permit: Processing times vary, but it usually takes 1-2 weeks.

Remember, each free zone has its own specific requirements and benefits, so do your research to find the best fit for your needs.

VAT Implications for Online Businesses in UAE

When I hit the AED 375,000 turnover mark, I had to quickly get up to speed on VAT. Here's what you need to know:

• Registration threshold: Mandatory if your turnover exceeds AED 375,000 in a 12-month period.
• Voluntary registration: Possible if your turnover is between AED 187,500 and AED 375,000.
• VAT rate: Standard rate is 5% on most goods and services.
• Filing requirements: Quarterly or monthly returns, depending on your turnover.
• Record-keeping: You must maintain financial records for at least 5 years.

Pro tip: Use accounting software like Xero or QuickBooks to make VAT compliance easier. Trust me, it's worth the investment.

As we wrap up this section, remember that understanding the legal and financial landscape is crucial for your success in the UAE's online market. In the next section, we'll dive into the exciting world of freelancing platforms – where I personally got my start in the UAE's digital economy.

Top Freelancing Platforms to Earn Money Online in UAE

When I first arrived in Dubai, I was eager to start earning online but didn't know where to begin. That's when I discovered the power of freelancing platforms. Let me walk you through my journey and share some insider tips.

Getting Started with Freelancing Websites (Upwork, Fiverr, Freelancer)

Stepping into the world of freelancing can feel like diving into the deep end of the pool. But don't worry, I've got your back. Here's how to get started:

Choose your platform:

• Upwork: Great for long-term projects and higher-paying gigs
• Fiverr: Perfect for offering specific services or "gigs"
• Freelancer: Good for a wide range of project types

Create a stellar profile:

• Use a professional photo (I learned this the hard way!)
• Write a compelling bio that highlights your unique skills
• Showcase your best work samples

Set your rates:

• Research market rates for your skills in the UAE
• Start slightly lower to build reviews, then gradually increase

Craft winning proposals:

• Personalize each proposal
• Address the client's specific needs
• Highlight relevant experience

Deliver quality work:

• Meet deadlines consistently
• Communicate clearly and professionally
• Go above and beyond to earn great reviews

Pro tip: Don't spread yourself too thin across multiple platforms. I found success by focusing on mastering one platform at a time.

Best Freelancing Sites for UAE Residents: Features and Benefits

After trying various platforms, here's my breakdown of the best options for UAE residents:

Upwork:

• Pros: High-quality clients, potential for long-term relationships
• Cons: Tough competition, 20% fee on initial earnings with a client
• Best for: Experienced freelancers in tech, writing, and marketing

Fiverr:

• Pros: Easy to get started, great for selling specific skills
• Cons: Can be challenging to stand out, 20% fee on all earnings
• Best for: Creatives, voice-over artists, and graphic designers

Freelancer:

• Pros: Wide variety of projects, contests available
• Cons: High competition, fees can add up
• Best for: Beginners looking to build a portfolio

PeoplePerHour:

• Pros: UK-based platform popular with European clients
• Cons: Less popular in the UAE market
• Best for: Freelancers targeting European businesses

Ureed:

• Pros: Specifically for Arabic-speaking markets
• Cons: Smaller user base compared to global platforms
• Best for: Bilingual freelancers fluent in Arabic and English

My personal favorite? I've had the most success with Upwork, especially for long-term, high-value projects in the tech and marketing niches.

How to Get Paid Online in UAE Through Freelancing Platforms

Getting paid is the best part of freelancing, right? But it can also be tricky in the UAE. Here's what I've learned:

Upwork:

• Supports direct bank transfers to UAE accounts
• Also offers Payoneer as a withdrawal option

Fiverr:

• Payoneer is the best option for UAE freelancers
• Bank transfers are available but can be costly

Freelancer:

• Supports wire transfers to UAE banks
• PayPal withdrawals are possible but have limitations

PeoplePerHour:

• Payoneer is the most convenient option
• SWIFT transfers are available but expensive

Ureed:

• Supports local bank transfers within the UAE
• International transfers via wire transfer

Pro tip: I use Payoneer for most of my freelance earnings. It offers competitive rates and easy transfers to local UAE banks.

Remote Work Platforms for UAE: Options and Best Practices

Beyond traditional freelancing, there are platforms specifically designed for remote work. Here's my take on the best options:

Toptal:

• Pros: High-paying projects, elite network
• Cons: Rigorous screening process
• Best for: Top-tier developers, designers, and finance experts

We Work Remotely:

• Pros: Focus on full-time remote positions
• Cons: Less flexible than project-based platforms
• Best for: Those seeking stable, long-term remote work

FlexJobs:

• Pros: Vetted job listings, focus on work-life balance
• Cons: Requires a paid subscription
• Best for: Professionals looking for flexible or part-time remote work

Remote.co:

• Pros: Wide range of remote job categories
• Cons: Highly competitive
• Best for: Experienced professionals across various industries

Outsourcely:

• Pros: Direct communication with employers
• Cons: Smaller job pool compared to larger platforms
• Best for: Freelancers looking for long-term remote positions

Best Practices for Remote Work Success:

• Create a dedicated workspace at home
• Invest in reliable internet (I use du's Home Wireless plan)
• Use time management tools like RescueTime or Toggl
• Overcommunicate with clients to build trust
• Stay up-to-date with digital collaboration tools

Remote Work UAE Visa Options

The UAE has recently introduced some exciting visa options for remote workers:

One-Year Virtual Working Programme:

• Allows you to live in Dubai while working for companies abroad
• Requirements include proof of employment and a minimum salary of $5,000 per month

Freelance Visa:

• Available in free zones like Dubai Media City and twofour54
• Allows you to work with multiple clients within the UAE

Golden Visa:

• Long-term residency for exceptional talents
• Categories include investors, entrepreneurs, and specialized talents

Abu Dhabi's Remote Work Visa:

• Similar to Dubai's program but specific to Abu Dhabi
• Valid for one year with the possibility of extension

My advice: If you're planning to stay in the UAE long-term, the Freelance Visa offers the most flexibility for online work. I started with this and later transitioned to the Golden Visa as my business grew.

As we wrap up this section on freelancing platforms, remember that success doesn't come overnight. It took me months of consistent effort to build a steady client base. But with persistence and the right strategy, you can thrive in the UAE's online job market.

In the next section, we'll explore another lucrative online opportunity in the UAE – online tutoring. Trust me, it's a booming market with plenty of room for growth!

Online Tutoring in UAE

When I first moved to Dubai, I was surprised to discover the massive demand for online tutors. It's a fantastic way to earn money online, especially if you have expertise in a particular subject. Let me share what I've learned about this booming industry.

Teaching English or Specialized Subjects Online: Platforms like Preply, VIPKid

The online tutoring market in the UAE is diverse and growing rapidly. Here's how you can get started:

Choose your niche:

• English is always in high demand
• STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) are popular
• Business and professional skills are sought after

Select a platform:

• Preply: Great for teaching languages and a wide range of subjects
• VIPKid: Focused on teaching English to Chinese students (note: recent regulations have impacted this)
• Cambly: Casual English conversation practice
• iTalki: Language exchange and structured lessons

Set up your profile:

• Professional photo (I use a simple white background)
• Engaging video introduction (keep it under 2 minutes)
• Detailed description of your teaching style and experience

Set your rates:

• Research competitor rates in the UAE market
• Start slightly lower to attract initial students
• Increase rates as you gain positive reviews

Prepare your teaching space:

• Invest in a good webcam and microphone
• Ensure you have a stable internet connection
• Create a professional-looking background

Pro tip: I started teaching business English on Preply and found it to be a great side hustle alongside my other freelance work.

Online Tutoring Services: Opportunities for Earning Online in UAE

The UAE's online tutoring market offers unique opportunities. Here's what's in demand:

Arabic language tutoring:

• High demand from expats and international students
• Opportunity to teach Modern Standard Arabic or local dialects

Islamic studies:

• Popular among both locals and Muslim expats
• Can include Quran recitation, Islamic history, and ethics

UAE culture and etiquette:

• Valuable for newcomers to the country
• Can cover business etiquette, cultural norms, and local customs

Exam preparation:

• IELTS and TOEFL for English proficiency
• SAT and ACT for students applying to international universities
• GMAT and GRE for postgraduate studies

Professional certifications:

• PMP for project management
• CFA for finance professionals
• CISSP for cybersecurity experts

My experience? I found great success offering business English and UAE cultural training to corporate clients. It's a niche market with less competition and higher rates.

How to Monetize Your Knowledge through Online Tutoring in UAE

Ready to turn your expertise into cash? Here are my tried-and-tested strategies:

Create a course on Udemy or Coursera:

• Develop a comprehensive curriculum on your area of expertise
• Record high-quality video lessons
• Price competitively for the UAE market

Offer one-on-one sessions:

• Use platforms like Zoom or Google Meet for live sessions
• Provide personalized attention to justify higher rates
• Offer packages (e.g., 5 or 10 sessions) for better value

Host group webinars:

• Cover popular topics like "Business English for UAE Professionals"
• Use platforms like WebinarJam or GoToWebinar
• Offer a mix of free and paid webinars to attract students

Create and sell digital resources:

• Develop e-books, worksheets, or study guides
• Sell through platforms like Gumroad or your own website
• Offer as upsells to your live tutoring services

Start a YouTube channel:

• Share free educational content to build an audience
• Monetize through ads, sponsorships, and course promotions
• Use your channel to funnel students to your paid services

Pro tip: I've found that offering a mix of free content and paid services works best. It helps build trust and showcases your expertise.

Best Online Jobs for Expats in UAE: A Focus on Tutoring

As an expat in the UAE, online tutoring can be a goldmine. Here's why it's particularly suited for expats:

Leverage your native language:

• English, German, French, and Mandarin speakers are in high demand
• Teach language skills to locals and other expats

Share your professional expertise:

• Many expats have valuable industry experience
• Offer mentoring or career coaching in your field

Provide cultural exchange:

• Teach about your home country's culture and customs
• Help other expats adjust to life in the UAE

Flexible schedule:

• Work around visa restrictions or primary job commitments
• Easily balance tutoring with other freelance work

Low startup costs:

• Minimal equipment needed (laptop, webcam, headset)
• Many platforms are free to join

My experience? As an American expat, I found a niche teaching business English and American accent reduction to UAE professionals. It's been both lucrative and culturally enriching.

Using Online Learning Platforms like Coursera, Udemy for Earning in UAE

Online learning platforms offer another avenue for monetizing your knowledge. Here's how to make the most of them:

Coursera:

• Partner with a university to create a course
• Focus on professional certificates or specializations
• Earn through course completions and certificates issued

Udemy:

• Create self-paced courses on any topic
• Set your own prices (subject to Udemy's pricing tiers)
• Benefit from Udemy's marketing to reach a global audience

Skillshare:

• Ideal for creative and practical skills
• Earn through premium memberships and referrals
• Create project-based classes for engaged learning

FutureLearn:

• Partner with institutions to offer courses
• Earn through course upgrades and certificates
• Good option for academic and professional topics

edX:

• Similar to Coursera, with a focus on university partnerships
• Offer MicroMasters programs for advanced learning
• Earn through verified certificates and credit-eligible courses

Tips for Success on These Platforms:

• Choose a niche that aligns with UAE market demands
• Create high-quality video content (invest in good equipment)
• Engage with students through discussion forums and Q&A sessions
• Regularly update your courses to keep them relevant
• Use social media to promote your courses to a UAE audience

Pro tip: I've found success by creating courses that blend global knowledge with local UAE context. For example, my "International Business Etiquette with a Focus on UAE" course on Udemy has been a hit.

As we conclude this section on online tutoring, remember that the key to success is finding your unique niche and consistently delivering value to your students. Whether you're teaching language skills, professional development, or specialized subjects, there's a growing market for online education in the UAE.

In the next section, we'll explore another exciting avenue for online income in the UAE – e-commerce and dropshipping. This is a field that's seen explosive growth in recent years, and I can't wait to share my insights with you!

E-commerce & Dropshipping Business in UAE

When I first dipped my toes into e-commerce in the UAE, I was amazed by the potential. The region's high internet penetration and growing consumer confidence in online shopping make it a prime market for digital entrepreneurs. Let me walk you through the essentials of starting an online store and dropshipping business in the UAE.

How to Start an Online Store Using Amazon, Noon, and Shopify

Starting an online store in the UAE is easier than you might think. Here's a step-by-step guide based on my experience:

Choose your platform:

• Amazon.ae: Great for reaching a wide audience in the UAE and beyond
• Noon: A popular local marketplace with a growing customer base
• Shopify: Ideal for creating your own branded online store

Register your business:

• Obtain a trade license (I recommend the Dubai Free Zone options for e-commerce)
• Get your Tax Registration Number (TRN) for VAT purposes

Set up your store:

• For Amazon and Noon: Follow their seller registration process
• For Shopify: Choose a theme, customize your store, and connect payment gateways

Source your products:

• Find reliable suppliers (local or international)
• Consider dropshipping to minimize inventory risks

Price your products:

• Research competitor pricing
• Factor in all costs (product, shipping, platform fees, marketing)

Launch and market your store:

• Use social media marketing (Instagram and Facebook are huge in the UAE)
• Consider influencer partnerships for quick traction
• Optimize for local SEO to attract UAE-based customers

Pro tip: I started with Amazon.ae due to its established customer base, then expanded to my own Shopify store as my brand grew.

E-commerce Platforms and Dropshipping Suppliers in UAE

Choosing the right platform and suppliers is crucial for your e-commerce success. Here's my breakdown:

E-commerce Platforms:

Amazon.ae:

• Pros: Large customer base, fulfillment services available
• Cons: High competition, strict seller policies

Noon:

• Pros: Growing local marketplace, good for UAE-focused businesses
• Cons: Less international reach compared to Amazon

Shopify:

• Pros: Full control over your store, scalability
• Cons: Requires more marketing effort to drive traffic

Woocommerce:

• Pros: Highly customizable, one-time cost
• Cons: Steeper learning curve, ongoing maintenance required

Magento:

• Pros: Robust features for large-scale operations
• Cons: Can be complex and costly for beginners

Dropshipping Suppliers:

AliExpress:

• Pros: Wide product range, low prices
• Cons: Long shipping times, quality can be inconsistent

Spocket:

• Pros: Faster shipping, higher quality products
• Cons: Higher prices, smaller product range

SaleHoo:

• Pros: Vetted suppliers, good for branded products
• Cons: Membership fee required

CJDropshipping:

• Pros: Integrated with popular platforms, custom branding available
• Cons: Customer service can be hit or miss

UAE-based suppliers:

• Pros: Fast local shipping, easier communication
• Cons: Generally higher prices, limited product range

My experience? I've had the most success using a combination of Shopify with both AliExpress and local UAE suppliers. This allows me to offer a mix of affordable international products and premium local items.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Dropshipping Business for UAE Residents

Dropshipping can be a great low-risk entry into e-commerce. Here's how to get started:

Choose your niche:

• Research trending products in the UAE market
• Consider your interests and expertise

Select your dropshipping suppliers:

• Use platforms like AliExpress or find local UAE suppliers
• Order samples to check product quality

Set up your online store:

• Shopify is popular for dropshipping (use apps like Oberlo or Dsers)
• Create compelling product descriptions and high-quality images

Price your products:

• Factor in all costs (product, shipping, marketing, platform fees)
• Research competitor pricing in the UAE market

Set up payment gateways:

• Popular options in UAE include PayPal, Stripe, and local bank transfers

Launch and market your store:

• Use social media advertising (Facebook and Instagram are effective in UAE)
• Optimize for local SEO with UAE-specific keywords

Manage customer service:

• Be transparent about shipping times
• Handle returns and exchanges professionally

Scale your business:

• Reinvest profits into marketing and product range expansion
• Consider hiring virtual assistants as you grow

Pro tip: I started my dropshipping business focusing on home decor items popular in UAE households. It allowed me to tap into local tastes while sourcing products internationally.

Legalities of Earning Money through E-commerce and Dropshipping in UAE

Navigating the legal landscape is crucial for long-term success. Here's what you need to know:

Business License:

• E-commerce activities require a proper trade license
• Options include:
  • Dubai Free Zone license (e.g., Dubai CommerCity)
  • Department of Economic Development (DED) license

VAT Registration:

• Mandatory if your turnover exceeds AED 375,000 in a 12-month period
• Keep accurate records of all transactions

Consumer Protection Laws:

• Familiarize yourself with UAE's consumer rights regulations
• Ensure clear refund and return policies

Data Protection:

• Comply with UAE's data protection laws
• Implement secure payment gateways

Product Regulations:

• Ensure your products comply with UAE standards and regulations
• Be aware of restricted or prohibited items

Customs Regulations:

• Understand import duties and procedures if sourcing internationally
• Consider using a customs clearance service for smoother operations

Pro tip: I highly recommend consulting with a local business setup consultant. The upfront cost saved me from potential legal issues down the line.

Popular E-commerce Niches in UAE

Based on my experience and market research, here are some hot e-commerce niches in the UAE:

Fashion and Accessories:

• Traditional Arab wear
• Luxury brand replicas (ensure legality)
• Modest fashion for women

Beauty and Skincare:

• Halal cosmetics
• Sun protection products
• Anti-aging skincare

Home Decor:

• Arabic-inspired designs
• Smart home devices
• Indoor plants and accessories

Electronics:

• Latest smartphones and accessories
• Gaming consoles and accessories
• Smart wearables

Health and Wellness:

• Fitness equipment
• Organic and health foods
• Vitamin and supplement products

Baby and Kids Products:

• Educational toys
• Islamic children's books
• Baby care products

Automotive Accessories:

• Car gadgets
• Custom license plate frames
• Car care products

Outdoor and Adventure Gear:

• Desert camping equipment
• Water sports accessories
• Heat-resistant clothing

My personal success came from focusing on a mix of traditional Arabic home decor and modern smart home devices. It's all about finding that sweet spot between local culture and global trends.

As we wrap up this section on e-commerce and dropshipping, remember that success in this field requires patience, adaptability, and a keen eye for market trends. The UAE's e-commerce landscape is constantly evolving, so stay informed and be ready to pivot when necessary.

In our next section, we'll explore the exciting world of social media influencing and affiliate marketing in the UAE. This is a field that's seen explosive growth in recent years, and I can't wait to share my insights on how to leverage social platforms for online income. Stay tuned!

Social Media Influencing & Affiliate Marketing

When I first arrived in Dubai, I was blown away by the power of social media in the UAE. It's not just a platform for sharing photos – it's a serious business opportunity. Let me guide you through the world of social media influencing and affiliate marketing in this unique market.

Building a Personal Brand: Becoming a Social Media Influencer in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah

Creating a strong personal brand is the foundation of successful influencer marketing. Here's how to get started:

Choose your niche:

• Consider your passions and expertise
• Research popular niches in the UAE (e.g., luxury lifestyle, modest fashion, tech reviews)

Select your platforms:

• Instagram: Ideal for visual content and lifestyle niches
• TikTok: Growing rapidly, great for short-form video content
• YouTube: Perfect for in-depth content and tutorials
• LinkedIn: Excellent for B2B influencers and thought leaders

Create consistent, high-quality content:

• Invest in good equipment (camera, lighting, editing software)
• Develop a unique style that reflects UAE culture and trends
• Post regularly (I aim for at least 3-4 times a week)

Engage with your audience:

• Respond to comments and DMs promptly
• Use local hashtags to increase visibility
• Collaborate with other UAE-based influencers

Understand local cultural sensitivities:

• Be mindful of Ramadan and other religious observances
• Respect local dress codes and customs in your content

Build relationships with brands:

• Start with local UAE brands to build your portfolio
• Attend networking events and industry conferences in Dubai

Pro tip: I found success by focusing on expat life in Dubai, sharing tips on everything from finding apartments to navigating cultural differences. It allowed me to tap into both the local and expat markets.

How to Earn Money from Home in Dubai Through Influencer Marketing

Once you've built a following, here's how to monetize your influence:

Sponsored posts:

• Partner with brands for product features or reviews
• Clearly disclose sponsored content (use #ad or #sponsored)

Brand ambassadorships:

• Develop long-term relationships with brands you love
• Negotiate contracts that include multiple posts and exclusivity

Affiliate marketing:

• Promote products using unique affiliate links
• Focus on products relevant to your UAE audience

Create and sell your own products:

• Digital products (e.g., e-books, courses)
• Physical products (e.g., merchandise, beauty products)

Offer services:

• Consulting for brands on social media strategy
• Photography or content creation services

Host events or workshops:

• Partner with local venues for meet-and-greets
• Offer online webinars or masterclasses

Monetize your content:

• Enable ads on YouTube videos
• Use Instagram's shopping features for product tags

My experience? I started with sponsored posts for local Dubai restaurants and hotels, then expanded into affiliate marketing for travel gear and tech products popular among expats.

Using Blogging Platforms like WordPress and Medium for Affiliate Marketing

Blogging can be a powerful tool for affiliate marketing in the UAE. Here's how to leverage it:

Choose your platform:

• WordPress: Offers full control and customization
• Medium: Great for reaching a wider audience quickly

Create valuable content:

• Write in-depth reviews of products popular in the UAE
• Develop how-to guides relevant to life in the Emirates

Incorporate affiliate links naturally:

• Use product comparisons and "best of" lists
• Include personal anecdotes about using the products

Optimize for SEO:

• Research keywords popular in the UAE market
• Use local place names and Arabic terms where relevant

Promote your blog:

• Share posts on social media platforms
• Engage with other UAE-based bloggers and influencers
• Consider paid advertising on platforms like Facebook and Instagram

Build an email list:

• Offer a free UAE-specific resource to encourage sign-ups
• Send regular newsletters with valuable content and affiliate offers

Disclose affiliate relationships:

• Be transparent about your affiliate partnerships
• Follow UAE regulations regarding online advertising

Track your performance:

• Use analytics tools to understand your audience
• Monitor which products and content perform best in the UAE market

Pro tip: I found success by creating a bilingual blog (English and Arabic) focusing on tech reviews and lifestyle tips for UAE residents. This approach helped me tap into both the expat and local markets.

Affiliate Marketing through UAE-Based Marketplaces (Noon, Amazon.ae)

Local marketplaces offer great opportunities for affiliate marketing. Here's how to make the most of them:

Sign up for affiliate programs:

• Noon Affiliates: Offers competitive commission rates
• Amazon.ae Associates: Leverage the power of a global brand

Choose relevant products:

• Focus on items popular in the UAE market
• Consider seasonal trends (e.g., Ramadan, Dubai Shopping Festival)

Create product roundups:

• "Best gadgets for Dubai summer"
• "Top Eid gift ideas on Noon"

Leverage price comparison:

• Highlight deals and discounts available on these platforms
• Create content around major sale events

Use deep linking:

• Link directly to product pages for better conversion rates
• Create custom shortened URLs for tracking

Optimize for mobile:

• Ensure your content is mobile-friendly (crucial in the UAE market)
• Consider creating app-specific content

My strategy? I've had great success creating YouTube videos reviewing products available on Noon and Amazon.ae, then including affiliate links in the description.

Earning Online from Social Media in UAE: Strategies for Sponsored Content

Sponsored content can be a goldmine if done right. Here are my tips for success:

Build a media kit:

• Showcase your audience demographics (focus on UAE-specific data)
• Highlight previous successful collaborations with local brands

Understand your worth:

• Research industry rates for the UAE market
• Consider factors like engagement rate and audience quality

Align with your brand:

• Only work with brands that resonate with your audience
• Maintain authenticity to preserve trust with your followers

Create high-quality content:

• Invest in good equipment (camera, lighting, editing software)
• Consider hiring a local photographer or videographer for key projects

Disclose partnerships clearly:

• Use hashtags like #ad or #sponsored
• Follow UAE regulations on influencer marketing

Offer value beyond posting:

• Provide insights on UAE consumer behavior
• Offer to create additional content for the brand's own channels

Negotiate multi-platform deals:

• Package offers across Instagram, YouTube, and your blog
• Consider long-term ambassadorships for consistent income

Track and report results:

• Use analytics tools to measure engagement and conversions
• Provide detailed reports to brands to secure future collaborations

Pro tip: I've found that creating a mix of Arabic and English content significantly increases my appeal to brands targeting the diverse UAE market.

As we wrap up this section on social media influencing and affiliate marketing, remember that success in this field requires consistency, authenticity, and a deep understanding of the UAE market. It's not just about having a large following – it's about building genuine connections with your audience and providing real value.

In our next section, we'll dive into the world of blogging and content creation for passive income in the UAE. This is a strategy that has allowed me to build a sustainable online business, and I'm excited to share my insights with you. Stay tuned!

Blogging & Content Creation for Passive Income

When I first started my blog in Dubai, I had no idea it would become a major source of passive income. But with the right strategies, blogging can be incredibly lucrative in the UAE market. Let me show you how to turn your passion for content creation into a steady stream of income.

How to Start a Blog in UAE: Platforms, Hosting, and Content Strategy

Starting a blog in the UAE is relatively straightforward. Here's my step-by-step guide:

Choose your niche:

• Consider topics relevant to UAE life (e.g., expat experiences, local cuisine, tech in Dubai)
• Research keywords popular in the UAE market

Select your platform:

• WordPress.org: Offers full control and customization (my personal choice)
• Wix: User-friendly for beginners
• Squarespace: Great for visually-oriented blogs

Set up hosting and domain:

• Use UAE-based hosting for better local SEO (I recommend Cloudways)
• Register a .ae domain for local credibility

Design your blog:

• Choose a mobile-responsive theme (crucial for UAE audience)
• Incorporate UAE-inspired design elements

Develop a content strategy:

• Create an editorial calendar
• Mix evergreen content with timely UAE-specific topics
• Consider bilingual content (English and Arabic) for wider reach

Optimize for SEO:

• Use local keywords and place names
• Implement schema markup for better search visibility

Build an email list:

• Offer a UAE-specific lead magnet (e.g., "Top 10 Hidden Gems in Dubai" guide)
• Use pop-ups and embedded forms to capture emails

Pro tip: I started with a blog about expat life in Dubai, which allowed me to tap into both the local and international markets interested in UAE lifestyle.

Monetizing a Website in UAE through Google AdSense and Affiliate Programs

Once your blog is up and running, it's time to monetize. Here's how:

Google AdSense:

• Apply once you have consistent traffic
• Place ads strategically without compromising user experience
• Experiment with ad formats (e.g., in-article, sidebar)

Affiliate marketing:

• Join UAE-specific affiliate programs (e.g., Noon, Amazon.ae)
• Promote products relevant to your UAE audience
• Create in-depth product reviews and comparisons

Sponsored content:

• Partner with UAE brands for sponsored posts
• Clearly disclose sponsored content to comply with regulations

Digital products:

• Create and sell e-books (e.g., "Ultimate Guide to Dubai Real Estate")
• Offer online courses (e.g., "Arabic for Expats in UAE")

Membership site:

• Offer exclusive content for a monthly fee
• Provide value-added services to UAE residents (e.g., expat community forum)

Consulting services:

• Leverage your expertise to offer consulting in your niche
• Host webinars or one-on-one sessions

My strategy? I use a mix of AdSense, affiliate marketing, and digital products. This diversification ensures a steady income stream even when one channel underperforms.

Real Ways to Earn Money Online UAE: Blogging and Content Creation

Based on my experience, here are some proven methods for earning through content creation in the UAE:

Local business directories:

• Create comprehensive guides to UAE businesses
• Monetize through sponsored listings and ads

Travel content:

• Write detailed guides about UAE destinations
• Partner with local hotels and tour operators for commissions

Food and restaurant reviews:

• Capitalize on UAE's vibrant food scene
• Collaborate with restaurants for sponsored content

Tech reviews:

• Focus on gadgets popular in the UAE market
• Use affiliate links for electronics and smart home devices

Fashion and beauty blogs:

• Tap into UAE's luxury market and modest fashion trends
• Partner with local and international brands

Financial advice:

• Create content on investing, saving, and managing money in the UAE
• Offer premium financial guides or courses

Parenting and education:

• Write about raising children in the UAE
• Review schools and educational resources

Health and wellness:

• Focus on fitness trends and healthy living in the UAE climate
• Promote local gyms, wellness centers, and health products

Pro tip: I found success by creating a mix of content that appeals to both expats and locals, covering topics from navigating Dubai's real estate market to discovering hidden local attractions.

Affiliate Marketing UAE: Best Practices for Monetizing Content

To maximize your affiliate marketing earnings in the UAE, follow these best practices:

Choose relevant products:

• Focus on items popular in the UAE market
• Consider cultural preferences and local trends

Provide honest reviews:

• Build trust with your audience through authentic content
• Highlight both pros and cons of products

Use comparison tables:

• Create easy-to-read comparisons of similar products
• Include key features relevant to UAE consumers

Incorporate personal experiences:

• Share how products fit into UAE lifestyle
• Use storytelling to make content more relatable

Optimize for mobile:

• Ensure your site is mobile-responsive
• Use mobile-friendly affiliate links

Leverage seasonal events:

• Create content around Ramadan, Eid, Dubai Shopping Festival, etc.
• Promote relevant products for each season

Disclose affiliate relationships:

• Be transparent about your partnerships
• Follow UAE regulations on affiliate marketing

Track and analyze performance:

• Use analytics tools to understand which products convert best
• Continuously optimize your content based on data

My approach? I focus on creating in-depth, value-packed content that naturally incorporates affiliate products. For example, my "Ultimate Guide to Setting Up a Smart Home in Dubai" includes affiliate links to various smart devices available in the UAE.

Using LinkedIn for Finding Online Opportunities in the UAE

LinkedIn can be a goldmine for professional bloggers and content creators in the UAE. Here's how to leverage it:

Optimize your profile:

• Use keywords relevant to your niche and the UAE market
• Showcase your best content and achievements

Share valuable content:

• Post articles and insights about the UAE market
• Use hashtags popular in the UAE business community

Engage with local influencers:

• Comment on posts from UAE business leaders
• Share and add value to discussions about the local market

Join UAE-specific groups:

• Participate in discussions relevant to your niche
• Share your blog posts when appropriate

Use LinkedIn's publishing platform:

• Write articles targeting UAE professionals
• Cross-promote your blog content

Connect with potential clients:

• Reach out to UAE businesses that could benefit from your expertise
• Offer value before pitching your services

Showcase your services:

• Use LinkedIn's Service Page feature to highlight your offerings
• Include testimonials from UAE clients

Leverage LinkedIn ads:

• Target UAE professionals in your niche
• Promote your best-performing content

Pro tip: I've secured several high-paying consulting gigs and speaking opportunities in Dubai through strategic networking on LinkedIn.

As we conclude this section on blogging and content creation, remember that success in this field requires patience, consistency, and a deep understanding of your audience. The UAE offers unique opportunities for content creators who can tap into the local market while also appealing to the diverse expat community.

In our next section, we'll explore YouTube monetization strategies specific to the UAE market. This platform has enormous potential for earning online in the Emirates, and I'm excited to share my insights on how to make the most of it. Stay tuned!

YouTube Monetization Strategies in UAE

When I first started my YouTube channel in Dubai, I was amazed by the potential for growth and monetization. The UAE's high internet penetration and tech-savvy population make it an ideal market for video content creators. Let me walk you through the process of building a successful YouTube channel in the Emirates.

Starting a YouTube Channel in UAE: Step-by-Step Guide

Choose your niche:

• Consider topics popular in the UAE (e.g., luxury lifestyle, tech reviews, local travel)
• Research trending keywords in the UAE market

Set up your channel:

• Create a Google account
• Customize your channel art with UAE-inspired themes
• Write a compelling "About" section in both English and Arabic

Plan your content:

• Develop a content calendar
• Mix evergreen topics with timely UAE-specific content
• Consider creating bilingual videos for wider reach

Invest in equipment:

• Get a good camera (smartphone cameras can work well to start)
• Invest in a quality microphone (audio is crucial)
• Consider lighting equipment for professional-looking videos

Optimize your videos:

• Use UAE-relevant keywords in titles, descriptions, and tags
• Create eye-catching thumbnails with Arabic text when appropriate
• Add closed captions in multiple languages

Engage with your audience:

• Respond to comments promptly
• Use community posts to interact with subscribers
• Collaborate with other UAE-based YouTubers

Pro tip: I started with vlogs about expat life in Dubai, which allowed me to tap into both the local and international audience interested in UAE lifestyle.

How to Earn Money as a Content Creator in UAE through YouTube

Once your channel is growing, here are the main ways to monetize:

YouTube Partner Program:

• Eligibility: 1,000 subscribers and 4,000 watch hours in the past 12 months
• Enables ads on your videos
• Offers features like Super Chat and channel memberships

Brand sponsorships:

• Partner with UAE-based companies for product placements or dedicated videos
• Negotiate rates based on your audience size and engagement

Affiliate marketing:

• Promote products through affiliate links in video descriptions
• Focus on items relevant to your UAE audience

Merchandise:

• Create and sell branded merchandise (t-shirts, mugs, etc.)
• Use YouTube's merch shelf feature

Channel memberships:

• Offer exclusive perks to paying subscribers
• Create UAE-specific content for members

Super Chat and Super Stickers:

• Earn from fans during live streams
• Popular for Q&A sessions and live events

YouTube Premium revenue:

• Earn from YouTube Premium subscribers who watch your content

My strategy? I diversify my income streams, combining ad revenue with brand sponsorships and affiliate marketing. This approach provides more stability and higher earnings.

Passive Income Sources for UAE Residents: YouTube Ads, Sponsorships, Merchandise

YouTube can be an excellent source of passive income. Here's how to maximize it:

Create evergreen content:

• Develop videos that remain relevant over time (e.g., "Top 10 Things to Do in Dubai")
• Update popular videos periodically to keep them current

Build a content library:

• Consistently upload new videos to grow your catalog
• Organize videos into playlists for increased watch time

Optimize for search:

• Use UAE-specific keywords in titles and descriptions
• Create content around popular search terms in the Emirates

Leverage YouTube's ad formats:

• Enable all ad types (skippable, non-skippable, bumper ads)
• Experiment with ad placements for optimal viewer experience

Develop long-term brand partnerships:

• Negotiate ongoing sponsorships with UAE companies
• Create sponsored series or recurring segments

Design attractive merchandise:

• Create products that resonate with your UAE audience
• Use local themes or inside jokes from your channel

Utilize end screens and cards:

• Promote your merchandise and other videos
• Link to affiliate products or your website

Pro tip: I've found success by creating a mix of UAE-specific content (like Dubai restaurant reviews) and more general topics with a local twist (like "Tech Gadgets for Surviving UAE Summer").

Best Online Jobs for Expats in UAE: Video Content Creation

As an expat in the UAE, video content creation offers unique opportunities:

Expat life vlogs:

• Document your experiences living in the UAE
• Offer tips for newcomers on topics like housing, transportation, and cultural norms

Language learning content:

• Create videos teaching Arabic to expats
• Offer English lessons with a focus on UAE-specific vocabulary

Travel guides:

• Showcase lesser-known attractions in the UAE
• Create city guides for Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and other emirates

Cultural exchange:

• Compare aspects of UAE culture with your home country
• Explain local customs and traditions to an international audience

Business and career advice:

• Share insights on working in the UAE
• Offer tips on job hunting and networking in the local market

Food and restaurant reviews:

• Explore the diverse culinary scene in the UAE
• Highlight both local Emirati cuisine and international restaurants
• Create content about adapting to local food customs (e.g., dining during Ramadan)

Tech and gadget reviews:

• Focus on products popular in the UAE market
• Compare prices and availability in the UAE vs. other countries
• Discuss tech adaptations needed for expats (e.g., VPNs, local apps)

Fitness and wellness:

• Share tips for staying fit in the UAE climate
• Review local gyms and fitness classes
• Discuss health considerations specific to the region (e.g., vitamin D deficiency)

Financial advice for expats:

• Explain UAE banking systems and investment opportunities
• Offer tips on saving money and budgeting in Dubai's luxury-oriented environment
• Discuss tax implications for expats from different countries

Home and lifestyle:

• Share apartment tours and decorating tips for UAE homes
• Discuss adapting to apartment living in high-rise buildings
• Review local home goods stores and online shopping options

Pro tip: As an American expat, I found great success creating content that bridges the gap between Western expectations and UAE realities. My "Dubai vs. New York" comparison videos were particularly popular.

YouTube SEO Strategies for UAE Market

To maximize your visibility in the UAE YouTube market, consider these SEO strategies:

Keyword research:

• Use tools like Google Trends to identify popular search terms in the UAE
• Include Arabic keywords in your titles and descriptions

Localize your content:

• Use UAE-specific place names and terminology
• Include Arabic subtitles or create separate Arabic versions of popular videos

Optimize your titles:

• Include target keywords at the beginning of your titles
• Use numbers and power words (e.g., "10 Must-Try Shawarma Spots in Dubai")

Craft compelling descriptions:

• Front-load with important information and keywords
• Include timestamps for longer videos
• Add relevant links (your website, social media, affiliate products)

Use tags effectively:

• Include a mix of broad and specific tags related to your content and the UAE
• Use tools like TubeBuddy to find popular tags in your niche

Create eye-catching thumbnails:

• Use bright colors and clear text
• Include recognizable UAE landmarks or symbols when relevant

Encourage engagement:

• Ask viewers to like, comment, and subscribe
• Respond to comments to boost engagement signals

Collaborate with local creators:

• Cross-promotion can help you tap into new UAE-based audiences
• Look for creators in complementary niches

My strategy? I always include "Dubai" or "UAE" in my titles and use a mix of English and Arabic in my thumbnails to appeal to a broader local audience.

Leveraging YouTube Shorts for Quick Growth in UAE

YouTube Shorts can be a powerful tool for growing your channel in the UAE market:

Create UAE-specific short-form content:

• Quick tips for living in Dubai
• 60-second tours of popular UAE attractions
• Rapid-fire UAE facts or language lessons

Use trending sounds and effects:

• Stay up-to-date with popular Shorts trends in the UAE
• Add local music or sounds when appropriate

Post consistently:

• Aim for at least 3-4 Shorts per week
• Use Shorts to complement your long-form content

Optimize for vertical viewing:

• Design graphics and text to be easily readable on mobile
• Use the full vertical frame for maximum impact

Include clear calls-to-action:

• Encourage viewers to check out your full-length videos
• Promote your channel subscription

Experiment with different styles:

• Try before-and-after videos (e.g., "Dubai then vs. now")
• Create mini-tutorials relevant to UAE life

Cross-promote on other platforms:

• Share your Shorts on Instagram Reels or TikTok for wider reach
• Use platform-specific features to drive traffic back to YouTube

Pro tip: My "Dubai Hacks in 60 Seconds" Shorts series went viral locally, significantly boosting my channel's growth and leading to several brand partnerships.

As we wrap up this section on YouTube monetization in the UAE, remember that success on this platform requires a mix of quality content, consistency, and strategic optimization. The UAE's dynamic and diverse market offers unique opportunities for content creators who can tap into local interests while also appealing to the global audience fascinated by life in the Emirates.

In our final section, we'll explore some additional online income opportunities in the UAE, including freelance writing, online tutoring, and virtual assistance. These flexible options can be great for supplementing your income or even becoming your primary source of earnings. Stay tuned for these valuable insights!

Additional Online Income Opportunities in UAE

As we near the end of our comprehensive guide, I want to share some additional online income opportunities that have proven successful in the UAE market. These options offer flexibility and can be excellent ways to diversify your online income streams.

Freelance Writing and Content Creation

The demand for quality content in both English and Arabic is high in the UAE. Here's how to tap into this market:

Specialize in UAE-focused content:

• Business and finance articles for local publications
• Travel guides for UAE destinations
• Lifestyle content for expat-oriented websites

Join freelance platforms:

• Sign up for UAE-specific platforms like Nabbesh
• Use global platforms like Upwork with a UAE focus

Build a portfolio:

• Create samples tailored to UAE businesses
• Showcase your understanding of local culture and business practices

Network with local businesses:

• Attend networking events in Dubai and Abu Dhabi
• Join UAE-based LinkedIn groups for writers and marketers

Offer localization services:

• Help international companies adapt their content for the UAE market
• Provide Arabic translation and transcreation services

Pro tip: I've found success by specializing in content that bridges Western and Middle Eastern perspectives, particularly in the business and technology sectors.

Online Tutoring and Teaching

With a strong emphasis on education in the UAE, online tutoring can be lucrative:

Teach English online:

• Use platforms like VIPKid or EF Education First
• Offer specialized English courses (Business English, IELTS preparation)

Subject-specific tutoring:

• Focus on subjects popular in UAE schools (Math, Science, Arabic)
• Offer IB or A-Level tutoring for international schools

Test preparation:

• SAT, GMAT, and GRE prep for students applying to Western universities
• IELTS and TOEFL preparation for non-native English speakers

Create and sell online courses:

• Develop courses on UAE-specific topics (e.g., "Doing Business in Dubai")
• Use platforms like Udemy or Teachable to host your courses

Offer language lessons:

• Teach Arabic to expats
• Provide lessons in other languages popular in the UAE (Hindi, Urdu, Tagalog)

My experience? I created an online course teaching conversational Arabic to expats, which has become a steady source of passive income.

Virtual Assistance and Remote Work

The UAE's business-friendly environment creates opportunities for virtual assistants:

Offer specialized VA services:

• Social media management for UAE businesses
• Email and calendar management for busy executives
• Research and data entry for local companies

Provide remote customer service:

• Many UAE companies need English-speaking customer support
• Offer multilingual support if you speak Arabic or other languages

Bookkeeping and financial assistance:

• Help small businesses with invoicing and expense tracking
• Familiarize yourself with UAE tax regulations and VAT

Project management:

• Assist UAE startups with project coordination
• Use tools like Trello or Asana for efficient management

Technical support:

• Offer IT support to small businesses in the UAE
• Provide training on popular software and tools

Pro tip: I've found that emphasizing my understanding of UAE business culture and time zones has been crucial in securing virtual assistance clients.

Online Surveys and Market Research

While not a full-time income source, online surveys can provide extra cash:

Join UAE-specific survey sites:

• Sign up for platforms like YouGov and Kantar TNS
• Look for surveys targeting UAE residents

Participate in focus groups:

• Many market research companies conduct online focus groups
• These often pay more than standard surveys

Test products:

• Some companies offer product testing opportunities for UAE residents
• Provide feedback on new products entering the UAE market

App testing:

• Test new apps and websites for UAE-based companies
• Offer feedback on user experience and localization

Remember, while surveys won't make you rich, they can be a nice supplement to your other online income streams.

Freelance Graphic Design and Web Development

The UAE's booming business sector creates constant demand for design services:

Specialize in Arabic design:

• Offer bilingual design services (English and Arabic)
• Learn the nuances of Arabic typography and layout

Create UAE-themed designs:

• Develop logos and branding for local businesses
• Design infographics about UAE culture and statistics

Offer web design services:

• Build websites optimized for UAE audiences
• Ensure designs are culturally appropriate and mobile-friendly

Develop mobile apps:

• Create apps solving UAE-specific problems (e.g., prayer time reminders, local food delivery)
• Offer app localization services for international companies entering the UAE market

Provide e-commerce solutions:

• Help local businesses set up online stores
• Integrate payment gateways popular in the UAE

My approach? I partnered with a local web developer to offer comprehensive digital solutions for UAE startups, combining my content creation skills with technical expertise.

As we conclude this comprehensive guide on earning money online in the UAE, remember that the key to success is understanding the unique aspects of the local market while leveraging global digital trends. The UAE offers a dynamic and diverse environment for online entrepreneurs, with opportunities ranging from content creation to e-commerce and beyond.

FAQ Section

How can I earn money in the UAE easily?

You can earn money easily in the UAE through various methods like freelancing, online surveys, selling products on e-commerce platforms, or using cashback and rewards apps.

How to earn 1,000 AED in UAE?

You can earn 1,000 AED through freelance gigs, driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Careem, or participating in online surveys and market research.

Which app is best for earning real money in the UAE?

Popular apps for earning real money in the UAE include Swagbucks, CashKarma, and freelance platforms like Upwork and Fiverr.

How to earn 10,000 AED in Dubai?

To earn 10,000 AED in Dubai, consider a part-time job, freelancing in high-demand skills, starting a small business, or investing in stocks or real estate.

Which app gives real money?

Apps like Swagbucks, CashKarma, and Toluna offer rewards that can be converted into real money or gift cards.

How can I earn $100 daily?

You can earn $100 daily through freelance work, dropshipping, online tutoring, or providing services like graphic design or content writing.

How to earn 30,000 AED per month in Dubai?

To earn 30,000 AED per month, you might need a full-time job in high-paying industries such as IT, finance, or healthcare, or you could invest in real estate or start a profitable business.

Which is the best for earning money?

Freelancing platforms, e-commerce stores, and investment apps like eToro are often considered the best ways to earn money due to their flexibility and potential returns.

Where does UAE earn money?

The UAE earns money primarily from its oil and gas industry, tourism, real estate, and financial services.

What is the easiest way to earn money?

The easiest way to earn money is through online surveys, freelancing, and participating in cashback and reward programs on various apps.